Researchers seek volunteers for self-compassion survey

Oregon State University researchers are seeking participants for an online survey to investigate the relationship of self-compassion on resilience, physical activity, and quality of life for individuals with MS.

Subjects between the ages of 18 and 65 who can communicate in English and have a medical diagnosis of MS are eligible to participate in this study. The survey takes 20 to 30 minutes to complete. Participation in the survey is voluntary. Personal identification information will be removed from the survey data.

Survey answers will help improve understanding of the process of self-compassion and physical activity on improving health-related quality of life for individuals with MS. Results from this study will also help researchers develop effective health interventions to improve wellness and quality of life for people with MS.

To complete the survey, visit http://oregonstate.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_8ktgzQ9Jki71UEt

If you are interested or have any questions, contact the research team at nerym@onid.oregonstate.edu.

Scientists fault gene mutation for inflammation

A new mouse model study has identified a faulty "brake" within immune cells, one that should control inflammation, and points to a potential target for developing new therapies to treat multiple sclerosis. The results suggest new research models of multiple sclerosis symptoms such as movement disorders and balance control problems.

A mutation in the gene Nlrp12 was causing a malfunction in T cells. Normally, the protein the gene produces acts as a brake within T cells to control the inflammatory response. But a mutation in that gene disrupts the natural process and provokes severe inflammation. The resulting inflammation produced MS symptoms such as movement disorders and problems with balance control.

Results of mouse model studies sometimes do not translate to humans and may be years away from being a marketable treatment. However, according to researcher John Lukens, Ph.D., of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, "It's important to note that MS is a spectrum disorder - some patients present with paralyzing conditions and some patients don't. Not everybody's symptoms are the same, so this might give us a glimpse into the etiology or pathogenesis of that family of MS."

New molecule may lead to inflammation inhibitor

Scientists have developed a new drug-like molecule that can inhibit inflammation. The find has shown promise in preventing the progression of multiple sclerosis.

Walter and Eliza Hall Institute scientists have developed a small drug-like molecule called WEHI-345 that binds to and inhibits a key immune signaling protein called RIPK2. This prevents the release of inflammatory cytokines. Examining WEHI-345’s potential to treat immune diseases in experimental models of MS, it was found that WEHI-345 prevented further progression of the disease in 50 percent of cases after symptoms of MS first appeared.

Results of mouse model studies sometimes do not translate to humans and may be years away from being a marketable treatment. Calling the results extremely important, researchers said WEHI-345 had potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.

The study’s lead author, Dr Ueli Nachbur, said institute scientists would use WEHI-345 to further investigate the signaling pathway that produced inflammatory cytokines and to develop a better, stronger inhibitor of RIPK2 for treating inflammatory disease. “This signaling pathway must be finely balanced, because WEHI-345 only delayed signaling rather than blocked it. Nevertheless, this delay is enough to completely shut off cytokine production,” he said.

The research was published in the journal Nature Communications.

Online Radio Station for MS is First of its Kind

MSFocusRadio.org offers 24/7/365 education, empowerment for MS community.

 

The Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (MSF) is proud to announce the launch of a new online radio station, MSFocus Radio. Found on the web at www.MSFocusRadio.org, or on mobile devices via a free app, this service of the MSF is a first of its kind for the MS community.

 

Featuring original content produced by the MSF in conjunction with our panel of healthcare experts, MSFocus Radio provides motivation, education, and empowerment to people affected by multiple sclerosis, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. MSFocus Radio is the MS resource that travels anywhere, thanks to free apps for both iOS and Android devices (available through iTunes and Google Play) provided by the MSF. 

 

Noting the station’s worldwide availability and round-the-clock scheduling, MSF Co-Executive Director Jules Kuperberg commented, “MSFocus Radio has dramatically broadened the scope of MSF's outreach both nationally and worldwide.”

 

To listen to MSFocusRadio or download the apps, visit www.msfocusradio.org now.

Study Identifies Gene Linked to Vitamin D Deficiency

A recent study at Oxford University in England and published in Annals of Neurology, has identified a gene that causes vitamin D deficiency, a condition suspected of having a role in the development of MS.
The study examined the DNA of a group of people with MS who also have a large number of family members with the disease. All the DNA samples showed a distortion of the CYP27B1 gene which controls vitamin D levels in the body. And in a few rare cases where the DNA showed two copies of the distorted gene, the person was found to have a genetic form of rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency as well as MS.
The cause of myelin damage related to MS is still hotly debated: some believe it to be an autoimmune disease while others cite viruses or the environment as the culprit. There is growing evidence however of a correlation between MS and vitamin D deficiency. Epidemiological studies also show that populations closer to the equator and the sun, have far fewer case of MS than populations closer to the north or south poles. Researchers at Oxford University have now taken this premise a step further by showing that vitamin D deficiency and therefore possibly MS could have a genetic cause.
Despite this pivotal link, not all people with vitamin D deficiency develop MS. More research is needed to fully understand why. However, a distortion of the CYP27B1 gene is increasingly apparent in MS cases and it’s possible that the gene generates other, yet undetected, complications that lead to the disease—such as genetically caused rickets.
“Although vitamin D deficiency doesn’t always cause MS, it unveiled a critical genetic source that could be causing other problems that lead to MS,” says Jeffrey Epstein, whose foundation partially supported the study. “Even if we don’t understand all of the implications of that gene’s distortion, research can focus on gene therapy, and that will accelerate a cure.”
The study was partly funded by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, The Wellcome Trust and the support of science investor, Jeffrey Epstein and The Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation.

Research Identifies How Vitamin D Combats MS

New research has indicated that vitamin D directly terminates the production of a disease-causing protein, a discovery that may explain the association between levels of vitamin D in a person’s body and the person’s ability to resist or minimize the effects of MS.

According to the investigators, a collaborative team of scientists from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey and Stanford University, the mechanism they identify suggests what might be a new path toward pharmaceutical treatment of MS, as well as therapies for other autoimmune diseases. The mechanism identified by the research team works like this:

During MS (“EAE” in mice), a damaging protein called interleukin-17 (IL-17) is produced by immune cells in the brain.

After vitamin D binds to its receptor, the receptor parks itself on the gene that encodes IL-17.

By doing so, the vitamin D receptor occupies a site normally reserved for a protein called NFAT, which is required to turn the IL-17 gene on.

The gene stays off and IL-17 levels plummet.

At the same time, the vitamin D receptor turns on another gene, whose product generates suppressive T cells that combat the destructive action of their IL-17-producing counterparts.

The study is published in the September issue of the journal Molecular and Cellular Biology.

Company Decides Not to Seek Approval of Cladribine for MS

Merck Serono announced that it has decided not to pursue approval of its oral therapy Cladribine for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. According to a company press release, discussions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration made it apparent that the ongoing clinical trials of the therapy would not address the FDA’s requirements for approval. Details of these requirements have not been made public.


In March 2011, the company received a letter from the FDA indicating that its application for approval was not ready in its current form and outlining requirements for additional information. The company has stated that it plans to complete the current clinical trials and patient registry that are underway, and that results will be published.

“It’s disappointing that completion of the Cladribine trials will not lead to approval of a new therapy option for people living with MS,” says Dr. Timothy Coetzee, Chief Research Officer at the National MS Society. “However, thanks to the many people who participated in these clinical trials, results from these studies will add to the body of knowledge about MS and should help spur new leads toward stopping MS, reversing its damage and ending MS forever.”

Additional therapies, including oral therapies, are currently making their way through the development pipeline.

Blocking Crucial Molecule Could Help Treat Multiple Sclerosis

Neuroscientists have reported identifying a driving force behind autoimmune diseases such as MS, and suggest that blocking this cell-signaling molecule is the first step in developing new treatments to eradicate these diseases.

Researchers led by Abdolmohamad Rostami, M.D., Ph.D., Professor and Chairman of the Department of Neurology at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, found that GM-CSF, which stands for Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, appears to be the key culprit in the onset of MS. Without GM-CSF, T helper 17 cells (Th17) cells did not induce the MS-like disease in an experimental animal model.

These findings were recently published in an advanced, online publication of Nature Immunology.

Th17 cells have been shown to play an important pathogenic role in humans and experimental models of autoimmune diseases, but the mechanisms behind this have not been understood until now.

There was no connection between GM-CSF and Th17 cells before," said Dr. Rostami. "What we have shown in this paper is that GM-CSF derived from Th17 cells is important in the cell-signaling process that leads to inflammation in the central nervous system."

"Now we know how the Th17 cells work and a better understanding of this mechanism and biology leads to new therapeutics," he adds.

The results suggest that blocking GM-CSF activity may be a successful therapeutic strategy in MS, one of the most common neurological diseases affecting young adults, and other autoimmune diseases, said Dr. Rostami, who is also the Chair of Neurology at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital.

These findings identify the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/ Th17/GM-CSF axis as the major pathway in pathogenesis of autoimmune central nervous system inflammation and likely other autoimmune diseases. IL-23, a known cytokine that causes autoimmune inflammation of the brain, induces production of more GM-CSF in Th17 cells, the researchers explain.

Dr. Rostami, who is also director of the Neuroimmunology Laboratory in the Department of Neurology at JMC, and his colleagues used an animal model of MS called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) for the investigation, a common model used to study the pathogenesis of the disease. Mice whose Th17 cells cannot produce GM-CSF did not develop neuroinflammation, thus GM-CSF is responsible for disease manifestation in this experimental model. This scenario suggests feed-forward loop of IL-23 and GM-CSF driving the pathogenic encephalitogenic immune response in the brain and spinal cord.

Another recently published paper in Nature Immunology by Dr. Rostami and his team unraveled a mechanism that may help fight MS. The researchers found that a protein known as interkeukin-27 (IL-27) helped block, not induce, the onset of symptoms in animals with an MS-like disease. While increasing levels of GM-CSF may cause the disease, as shown in the current paper, increasing IL-27 concentrations may help quell an over-active immune system, the researchers reported.

"That was the first time that we had direct evidence that by actively giving IL-27 like a drug, we can suppress EAE in mice," Dr. Rostami said.

If similar findings from this current study of GM-CSF are found in human blood samples, this approach could eventually also be shown to be useful in the clinical setting, Dr. Rostami explains.

Whether GM-CSF drives neuroinflammation in MS remains unknown, but the current findings highlight the potential that IL-23 and GM-CSF might serve a similar role in human disease.

"This is the first step towards finding a new treatment," he said. "If we can try to neutralize GM-CSF by different means, for example, by trying to mimic it or trying to block the receptor for GM-CSF, we can hopefully ameliorate the disease."